mi

24 Dec, 2007

Kriza jugoslovenske vlade

— Autor paula @ 20:21
Od prvog dana rata, Vrhovna komanda Jugoslovenske vojske nije kontrolisala situaciju. Na ministarskim sjednicama u Sevojnu, gdje se vlada nalazila, general Dusan Simovic se zalio na lose veze u komandovanju, a narocito je osporavao to sto on mora preko poste da izdaje naredjenja jedinicama. Ocjenio je situaciju kao tesku, ali ne i tragicnu i vjerovao je da se front moze stabilizovati.
Da bi sprijecio potpuno rasulo, ne samo vojsci, vec i u vladi, 12. aprila izjavljuje da ima puno povjerenja u moralnu snagu vojske i naroda i da vjeruje u prijateljstvo sa Sovjetskim Savezom. Sve je bilo izgubljeno i propast je sve brze i brze tekla.
Nijemci su 13. aprila probili posljednju liniju odbrane kod Konjarnika i umarsirali u Beograd gde su ispred Narodne Skupstine organizovali paradni defile. Ubrzo je stigao i feldmarsal Evald fon Klajst i Maksimilijan fon Vajks. Racunajuci ulazak Austro-Ugarskih trupa 1914. i njihov zajednicki ulazak sa Nemcima 1915, bio je to treci ulazak Nemaca u Beograd u 20. vijeku.
Ovu informaciju je Dusan Simovic dobio na Palama od svog adjutanta u osnovnoj skoli Kralj Petar gdje je Stab bio smesten. Trazio je hitnu vezu sa engleskim poslanikom, ali je umjesto veze dobio pismo generala Dila da Engleska nema mogucnosti da u datim okolnostima organizuje evakuaciju jugoslovenske vojske preko mornaricke baze u Boki. Simovic je zatim rekao da situacija nista ne valja i sazvao novo zasjedanje u ponoc 13. aprila. Pored vojnog sloma, pocela je i kriza vlade.
Na jugoslovenskoj strani pocela su medjusobna trvljenja i ispitivanja ko je kriv za tako munjeviti slom. Neki ministri, medju kojima i dr Slobodan Jovanovic, Bogoljub Ilic i Marko Dakovic optuzivali su Hrvate za izdaju. Poslednje savetovanje jugoslovenska vlada imala je na Palama. Sjednica vlade je odrzana na katolicki uskrs, 13. aprila 1941. Dusan Simovic je podnio izvjestaj o vojnoj situaciji koju je predstavljao kao veoma tesku, ali ne i bezizlaznu. Govorilo se o produzetku borbe na novom frontu Sava-Drina. Ipak, na kraju je odluceno da se vlada, radi vece sigurnosti, premjesti odmah u Niksic. Simovic je potom predlozio generala pozadine Danila Kalafatovica za nacelnika Vrhovne odbrane. O mogucnosti eventualne kapitulacije nije bilo ni pomena, iako su pojedini ministri zakljucili da je vojna situacija mnogo teza nego sto ju je predstavaljao Simovic.
Vlada je bez Simovica stigla u Niksic sutradan i prva stvar koja se cula bila je ta da je Kralj Petar vec odletio za Grcku. Prilikom utovara transportnih aviona zlatom ucestvovalo je i vise stotina vojnika na improvizovanom aerodromu na Niksickom polju. Medjutim, prilikom evakuacije poginula su dva vrlo poznata imena. Prilikom transporta zlata bojnim brodom u Egejskom moru, brod se prevrnuo i poginuli su ministar Simoviceve vlade Marko Dakovic i istoricar Vladimir Corovic.
Na poslednjoj sednici vlade u Niksicu 15. aprila, zakljuceno je da Jugoslavija nece kapitulirati kao drzava, vec da samo vojska kapitulira, dok vlada i kralj idu u inostranstvo da odatle nastave da se bore. Taj nacrt je sastavio dr Slobodan Jovanovic i predao ga Simovicu, a ovaj Kalafatovicu. Dusan Simovic je istog dana izdao naredjenje Danilu Kalafatovicu da zakljuci primirje sa Nijemcima iz dva razloga: prvi razlog je bio taj sto je bilo nemoguce dalje pruzanje otpora na izabranoj liniji Drina-Sava i zbog dogadjaja koji su se dogodili u Hrvatskoj. Na lijevom krilu vojska nije ni postojala, vec samo mali odredi koji su se u totalnom haosu predavali Nijemcima. Sam vojnicki poraz znacio je i rasulo same Simoviceve vlade. Tako je potpredsednik vlade dr Vlatko Macek napustio vladu 8. aprila, a drustvo su mu cinili i ostali hrvatski ministri: Josip Torbar, Barosa Smoljan, Dzafer Kulenovic i Ivan Andreas. Napustanje vlade, u stvari bjekstvo ministra, bio je poseban primjer Aprilskog rata. Pozivom svojim vojnim pristalicama da izraze lojalnost novoj vlasti (Ustaskoj) 10. aprila Macek je osigurao legitimnost prenosa vlasti, fakticki potvrdio separatizam i razbijanje Jugoslavije kao drzave.
Kralj Petar Karadjordjevic je sa vladom 14. i 15. aprila vec odleteo iz zemlje. Na aerodromu Agrenion u Atini docekao ga je general Dil i general Vilson, a zatim su se preko Jerusalima i kraceg zadrzavanja u Kairu obreli u Londonu.
Iako potpuno vojnicki slomljeni, pojedini vojnici i oficiri nisu pokazivali teznju za kapitulacijom i nastavili su da vode borbu. Na Rapaj Brdu su dvojica mladjih rezervnih staresina samoinicijativno organizovala otpor i vodili sa Nemcima 12 aprila citavog dana borbu. U oblasti Sapca do sukoba je doslo 12. aprila kada su nemacke motomehanizovane jedinice napali vojnici raznih jedinica Prve armije. Sve do nemackog ulaska u Sabac, vojnici su drzali Misarsko brdo i branili grad. 13. aprila 60. konjicki puk jugoslovenske vojske izvrsio je napad na Sabac, u nameri da ga preotme od Nemaca, ali je bio desetkovan i povukao se. Takodje su i delovi 2. armije pruzali zilav otpor prema Uzicu. Nemci su bombardovali grad 15. aprila, a zatim ga tukli teskom artiljerijom. Komandant vojnog garnizona nije zeleo da preda grad Nemcima u ruke i ubio se.
Nacelnik Operativnog odeljenja 2. armije, pukovnik Draza Mihailovic je izbegao zarobljavanje u Sarajevu i vodeci borbe sa Nemackom oklopnom grupom 13. aprila kod zeleznicke stanice Sevarlije i kod Petrovog Sela, probijao se prema Doboju. Narednik jugoslovenske vojske Boza Petrovic je u poslednji cas uspeo spasiti zastavu 41. pesadijskog puka u Osijeku i poneo je sa sobom, da bi kasnija ista zastava bila i zastava Jugoslovenske Vojske u Otadzbini.

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